This paper contributes to the debate on the future of internal auditing in the context of emerging and intensifying societal, technological and organizational complexity. We apply a critical essay approach to combine the theoretical insights from the field of complexity science and the field of internal auditing. We explore how the condition of intensifying interactive complexity relates to the principles and methodologies of the internal audit profession, now and in the near future. After positioning our paper in the internal audit literature, we argue that interactive complexity poses new challenges and dilemmas to the internal audit profession. We argue that it is crucial for the profession to renew its repertoire to deal with interactive complexity, but also to remain true to the core principles of the profession. We indicate several promising routes for research and debate on the future of internal audit that may help the profession to adapt to intensifying interactive complexity.
